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Pintos : Series : Part3 : Project 1 : Alarm Clock

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The PintOS project has 27 test cases that we need to pass. In the first project we are just going for the five test cases related to alarm clock that are as under: alarm_multiple alarm_single alarm_simultaneous alarm_negative alarm_zero But before jumping into the code, let's first understand the basic structure of PintOS and how it runs. Consider the following diagram: Here QEMU is an emulator on which pintOS runs. Test cases are the processes that we run on the PintOS (Operating System). So we only need to modify the PintOS code, we are not allowed to make any change to the test cases code as this would be a cheating. When you open up the PintOS directory, in tests/threads/tests.c all the test cases are declared. And in the tests/threads/ directory you can observe files with the extension " .ck " and " .c ". So the " test_Name.c " files are the files in which test cases are defined, while " test_Name.ck " file...
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Programming android applications

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2 USEFUL PROGRAMMING ANDROID APPLICATIONS P rogramming is an art but it needs a lot of practice, and those who have to travel a lot find it very difficult to practice programming, so there is a need of portable mobile applications to get better programming skills, so here I would like to share 2 apps that are useful in this regard: SoloLearn This application is recommended to me by one of my friends, I am very excited to have this application and it makes my learning so fun and interesting. So without any delay just get this free amazing application. HTML Code Play Web development is the most fun task to do, and  HTML Code Play  makes this task easier and faster then ever.  so dear programmers, why are you waiting? go and get these applications on your android mobile phones, and make your programming fluent like your native language  :) Note: ALL IMAGES ARE FROM GOOGLE.
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Data Modeling

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source: https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/data-modeling A wise person once said a picture is worth a thousand words . In real-world data is not just a few rows of excel sheet, yet it comprises several billion rows expanded through hundreds  of tables. A table is usually made up of rows and columns. Each table represents an Entity . Entity means an Object or thing. That Entity has several properties called Attributes . Those attributes represent the qualities or characteristics of the entity. Since there is more than one entity, so there should be a Relationship between those entities. If we look at the tables we cannot get a clear idea of the relationship between several tables/Entities. Hence, we need to represent the tables/data in the form of a picture or a flow graph. That flow graph or Entity-Relationship diagram is called a Data Model .  Data Modeling is a technique to represent how the tables are related to each other and to represent the s...
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Relational Data Model

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In the previous blog post, we covered Data Modeling. We have seen that data modeling is really important before jumping into predictive modeling.  In this article, we will cover the Relational Data Model (RDM). Let's start from the very basics, relational means anything which is linked with some other thing. This link is called "Relationship". In RDM or RM there are major three types of relationship cardinalities (also called Multiplicities or Cardianalities): 1. One to one 2. One to many 3. Many to many We can understand these with the help of a few simple examples;  One to one: One department has one manager. One to many: One class has many students. Many to many: Many teachers can teach many students. Okay, so we have got an abstract overview of the term " Relational ", now the next thing is " Data ", data covers everything, anything... And finally, " Model " means something in the form of a template, design, a kind of blueprint.  To store...
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1-Machine Learning : Start...

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John went to the cafeteria 10 times at 1:00 P.M. on 10 Fridays, each time the cafeteria was closed at that particular time. John decided not to go to cafe at 1:00 P.M. on Friday because the cafe will be closed.  But wait! How did John know that the cafe will  also be closed on next Friday at 1:00 P.M.??? Yes, you are absolutely right.  "John Learned from his Experience that the Task of going to the cafeteria at 1:00 P.M. on Fridays resulted in waste of time, since the cafe was closed on each Friday, so it will Perform the same on the next Friday." In the above scenario, John learned something so we can call it " John Learning ". Similarly, if we replace John with some sort of Machine, that can learn from the Experience or from the History about how the tasks were performed in the past given certain situation. Such that the Machine will perform the same if the same task happen again in near future. Then this will be called as Machine Learning. To mak...
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E-Commerce : Platforms

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Before digging into E-commerce platforms, let's first understand what an E-commerce actually is? E-Commerce... According to the Tokenization Rule , E-commerce is the combination of "E" and "Commerce".  The word Commerce means trade or buying and selling of items, goods, services, hardwares and, softwares... etc. And " E " stands for "Electronic", electronic means something like electricity, like signals, like something in the form of electrons (at lower level).  Image Source So, the word " E-COMMERCE " means: " A type of trade, that is done using electronic devices (computer, mobile or ATM machines etc). "   And to achieve electronic commerce, what's the most important thing? think over it!  Yeah that's correct! your own Internet is the most important thing to do E-commerce.  Major areas of E-commerce are: On-line shopping or retailing On-line bidding or auction On-line soft...
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A Survey of the Final Year University Students

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I don't know what should be the title of this blog post, but let's call it " A survey of the final year university students ". Pretty long title, huh? Okay, let me tell you about this survey... The story behind this thing: Well, one day I thought about writing a post on Facebook to ask people about their sentiments and reviews regarding the final year of university life, then another thought knocked my head to write a full blog post on this topic. Then I disseminated a google form for this purpose. The google form was saying: "Hello, final semester people! I thought to collect reviews of 2020 graduates specifically of NUST and other IT universities. I am planning to add these to my blog post. Please take a few seconds to fill this form, thank you." So that was a brief story behind this whole thing, Now let's have a look at the most awaited questions and the corresponding responses...  Question#1:  Do you feel like a better hu...
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Version Control Tools: SVN

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Someone once said:  The past cannot be changed, forgotten, edited, or erased. It can only be accepted . But then programming came into being and it stated that "you can change your past, but only the code past". Meaning; what you have coded earlier you can change, edit and improve it. And for that you need to have something like revision history, from where you can get the idea of what you have done (coded) in the past.  Questioning.. So how would you keep the history of your code? Would you make several copies after doing each and every change? Or will you opt for "control/command + z"? Obviously you don't go for such an inefficient way of controlling the version/history of your code while working on some large project. Answering... So here comes "version control systems". These systems/softwares are specially designed to help you in controlling the version of your project codes. They also enable you to share your code and collaborate...
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Five People to Follow on Social Media

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How many times you used to scroll Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and other social media platforms? You always want to make your scrolling productive but after 2-3 hours you realize that you have wasted tons of your precious time.  so, if you want to make the best use of your social media time, then you can follow the following people, their posts are meant to give some worthy information. let's get started: Hisham Sarwar  Follow Hisham Sarwar for freelancing related information. Zeeshan Ul Hassan Usmani  Follow Zeeshan Ul Hassan Usmani for data science, artificial intelligence and, block-chain related stuff. Aman Dhattarwal  Follow Aman Dhattarwal for study and placement tips and tricks. Sandeep Maheshwari  Follow Sandeep Maheshwari for business strategies and motivational content. Qasim Ali Shah  Follow Qasim Ali Shah for study motivation as well as life lessons. Enjoy!
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UI / UX Designs

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Is there any website or an application that you enjoyed to use ? If I ask you why you like this particular application then most of you would say that it is fluent, it's easy to use or the theme is so soothing.  So what is behind all these user friendly themes and designs ? The answer is, UI and UX designs. UI stands for User Interface while UX is used for User Experience. In today's world it is important to provide user friendly interface. Your application must be liked by everyone to the extent that they don't want to close that tab.  Now lets dig deep into UI and UX designs.... UI vs UX designs.. The first thing is that UI designs focus on the interface or the front end, the application is providing to the user. It has to deal with beauty. How beautiful, attractive and good-looking is your application; determines its User Interface. While UX design deals with the experience of the user. Whether the user feels comfortable while using your application ...
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