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Pintos : Series : Part3 : Project 1 : Alarm Clock

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The PintOS project has 27 test cases that we need to pass. In the first project we are just going for the five test cases related to alarm clock that are as under: alarm_multiple alarm_single alarm_simultaneous alarm_negative alarm_zero But before jumping into the code, let's first understand the basic structure of PintOS and how it runs. Consider the following diagram: Here QEMU is an emulator on which pintOS runs. Test cases are the processes that we run on the PintOS (Operating System). So we only need to modify the PintOS code, we are not allowed to make any change to the test cases code as this would be a cheating. When you open up the PintOS directory, in tests/threads/tests.c all the test cases are declared. And in the tests/threads/ directory you can observe files with the extension " .ck " and " .c ". So the " test_Name.c " files are the files in which test cases are defined, while " test_Name.ck " file...
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E-Commerce : Platforms

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Before digging into E-commerce platforms, let's first understand what an E-commerce actually is? E-Commerce... According to the Tokenization Rule , E-commerce is the combination of "E" and "Commerce".  The word Commerce means trade or buying and selling of items, goods, services, hardwares and, softwares... etc. And " E " stands for "Electronic", electronic means something like electricity, like signals, like something in the form of electrons (at lower level).  Image Source So, the word " E-COMMERCE " means: " A type of trade, that is done using electronic devices (computer, mobile or ATM machines etc). "   And to achieve electronic commerce, what's the most important thing? think over it!  Yeah that's correct! your own Internet is the most important thing to do E-commerce.  Major areas of E-commerce are: On-line shopping or retailing On-line bidding or auction On-line soft...
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Web Applications

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When did you open your Facebook last time? Have you connected with other people on Linked In? If not then, you might have sent an email... What am I talking about? Image Source That's right! I am talking about Web applications . Web applications are the applications that run over the web or an Internet. There are some differences between website and web applications. Difference between Websites and Web applications.. The main differences between websites and web applications are as under: Websites: Provide information as a static file. Not very much interactive. Don't allow the user to do transactions. For example: news feeds, blogs, images etc. Web applications: Provide dynamic data. Interactive rather than just informative. Allow the user to do transactions. For example: bidding sites, on-line shopping sites, mailing sites, facebook, Twitter and Wikipedia etc. How do they work? On an abstract and simple level, The client(web browser...
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7 Semesters Learning Experience : Do's and Don'ts

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Here is what I learned in my 7 semesters of Undergraduate degree semester wise, by learning I mean those things that I think we should do in the particular phase of our university education. You might agree or disagree with these things, or you may add yours to it. so without further ado, let's get started: 1st Semester Don't get into inferiority or superiority complex at any level Practice a lot Focus on basics Don't jump to the last step Take baby steps Try to do best in Projects  Observe your surroundings Keen look over market trends Have an online presence e.g. LinkedIn etc. 2nd Semester Practice at a higher level e.g. on real-world projects know market trends 3rd Semester Build your Resume Have an internship 4th Semester Internships  Explore different places 5th Semester Freelancing 6th Semester Freelancing Take responsibility for some of your expenses like daily small expenses 7th Semester Get a Job Focus on the Fi...
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Question...

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There was a question related to <datalist>  regarding HTML 5. Question: Is it necessary to have <input> tag for  <datalist> usage or The search bar in the output is due to the <input> tag? Answer: Yes, the <input> tag is a must before <datalist> tag, this is because if you don't use <input> tag, then there will be no data list in the output. Reference code: (WITHOUT INPUT TAG) <!DOCTYPE html> <html><head><title></title></head> <body> <form action="" method="" > <datalist id= "list" > <option value= "a" > <option value= "b" > <option value= "c" > <option value= "d" > </datalist> </form> </body> </html> Output: Nothing in the output _ blank Do you see anything in the output ? No, right? Now let us put input tag, like this: ...
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How to take notes in Freshman Year ?

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Yes, you have to take notes in the university class!  Before talking about the notetaking strategy, we will understand the importance of taking notes. Importance Of Taking Notes No doubt there are a few students who can produce good results without even taking notes in the class. But their number is least. Most of us need to make good notes in the class especially when we are in university. Notes are important because: They help us to keep track of what we have studied in the whole semester. Notes help us to prepare for the exams, in a very short time. We can refer to our notes for short quizzes in the eleventh hour. In addition to reading and listening, writing notes increases the ability to memorize the important concepts. It helps you to realize that you have done something in the class. Now that we have understood Why to take notes? Let's dig into the notetaking strategy  Notes taking Strategies One of my friends Ramlah Aamir Aziz used to take...
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Cloud Computing

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You might have heard of the famous proverb: " Necessity is the mother of invention. " Let's tokenize this proverb, as a wise-man said:" Tokenization makes things easy to understand." So first thing is Necessity... Once upon a time, there was   a large company who wanted to create a website for e-commerce . The website was for 24/7 and large amount of data needed to be managed and maintained . For this the management team of the company decided to launch their website onto the server. Initially the website got Launched successfully, but one day in the fine morning the CEO woke up from his/her slumber and got the Phone call from the manager. The manager told the CEO that their site was down last night due to heavy traffic on the server. CEO called an emergency meeting, in the meeting, the company decided to buy more servers as their data as well as the users were increasing . So in order to deal with  the large amount of data and heavy traffic , the...
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1-Machine Learning : Start...

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John went to the cafeteria 10 times at 1:00 P.M. on 10 Fridays, each time the cafeteria was closed at that particular time. John decided not to go to cafe at 1:00 P.M. on Friday because the cafe will be closed.  But wait! How did John know that the cafe will  also be closed on next Friday at 1:00 P.M.??? Yes, you are absolutely right.  "John Learned from his Experience that the Task of going to the cafeteria at 1:00 P.M. on Fridays resulted in waste of time, since the cafe was closed on each Friday, so it will Perform the same on the next Friday." In the above scenario, John learned something so we can call it " John Learning ". Similarly, if we replace John with some sort of Machine, that can learn from the Experience or from the History about how the tasks were performed in the past given certain situation. Such that the Machine will perform the same if the same task happen again in near future. Then this will be called as Machine Learning. To mak...
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UI / UX Designs

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Is there any website or an application that you enjoyed to use ? If I ask you why you like this particular application then most of you would say that it is fluent, it's easy to use or the theme is so soothing.  So what is behind all these user friendly themes and designs ? The answer is, UI and UX designs. UI stands for User Interface while UX is used for User Experience. In today's world it is important to provide user friendly interface. Your application must be liked by everyone to the extent that they don't want to close that tab.  Now lets dig deep into UI and UX designs.... UI vs UX designs.. The first thing is that UI designs focus on the interface or the front end, the application is providing to the user. It has to deal with beauty. How beautiful, attractive and good-looking is your application; determines its User Interface. While UX design deals with the experience of the user. Whether the user feels comfortable while using your application ...
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Julia : A New Programming Language

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After So many programming languages both high level and low level, with different names like python, java, C++ and so on, here comes Julia   with all its colors... It first appeared 6 years ago in 2012, but was not stable at that time. The stable version of Julia has been released on 8th of August, 2018. Julia is a high level programming language, the pattern in which Julia's made is called Multi dispatch . Multi dispatch is the process in programming languages that allow the program to decide which polymorphic method or function needs to run at run time. Julia permits both functional and Object Oriented Programming. The file name extension for Julia is .jl  . Julia also provides the Language Shell where you can write code and see the output.  The good news about Julia is that it is very friendly language, it allows C and FORTRAN libraries to be used in it with just a keyword ccall   .   And more importantly, it can be used with all time favorit...
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